AI Design

We study how artificial intelligence can augment human creativity, collaboration, and judgment in architectural design and planning — and where it falls short.

AI Design

About

Design is an iterative, situated, and highly visual form of reasoning. Our work in AI Design asks how computational systems can support that process without reducing it to prompt writing or automated image generation.

We study AI as a collaborator in early-stage ideation, design communication, public participation, and evaluation. This includes conversational systems for participatory design, visual chatbots that can reason with diagrams and spatial representations, and methods for approximating selected dimensions of human response to architectural spaces.

Our scientific focus is on when these systems are useful, when they fail, and how they alter the relationship between designers, stakeholders, and design evidence. We combine prototype development with empirical evaluation — user studies, design experiments, and comparisons with established participation and assessment methods.

The long-term goal is not to replace designers, but to develop accountable AI tools that expand the kinds of feedback, representation, and reflection available during design — while keeping human judgment at the center of the process.

Papers

2026 Publication

Why Students Don't Use Urban AI: A Study of Machine Learning Tool Adoption in the Design Studio

Ofir Glassman, Orly Cohen-Moas, Achituv Cohen, Noam Teshuva, Jonathan Dortheimer
  • Venue Damtsas, E. and Spaeth, A. B. (eds.), Informed Creativity in Architecture and Engineering - Proceedings of the 44th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2026), Volume 3
2026 Publication

Automating Consultation? Urban Planners and Chatbot-Based AI-Mediated Participation

Jonathan Dortheimer, Michelle L. Oren, Aaron Sprecher
  • Venue Journal of Urban Technology
2026 Publication

Synthetic Emotional Affect: Visual Language Models as Emotional Evaluators for Physical Environments

Jonathan Dortheimer, Adiya Nussbaum-Karmon, Gerhard Schubert, Nikolas Martelaro, Ofir Glassman, Neta Ben-David, Haya Brama
  • Venue Elsevier BV
2025 Publication

Addressing Religious Architectural Restrictions with Computer Code: A Genetic Algorithm Approach

Jonathan Dortheimer, Gaya Bitman
  • Venue Architectural Informatics, Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2025)
2025 Publication

Quantifying Architectural Experience using VLMs: Does AI Dream of Rendered Spaces?

Gal Goz, Nikolas Martelaro, Gerhard Schubert, Jonathan Dortheimer
  • Venue CAAD Futures 2025 ‘Catalytic Interfaces’
2024 Publication

When design workshops meet chatbots: Meaningful participation at scale?

Stephen Yang, Jonathan Dortheimer, Aaron Sprecher, Qian Yang
  • Venue International Journal of Architectural Computing
2024 Publication

Evaluating large-language-model chatbots to engage communities in large-scale design projects

Jonathan Dortheimer, Nik Martelaro, Aaron Sprecher, Gerhard Schubert
  • Venue Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
2023 Publication

Think AI-side the Box! Exploring the Usability of Text-to-Image Generators for Architecture Students

Jonathan Dortheimer, Gerhard Schubert, Agata Dalach, Lielle Brenner, Nikolas Martelaro
  • Venue Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st eCAADe Conference
2023 Publication

Conceptual Architectural Design at Scale: A Case Study of Community Participation Using Crowdsourcing

Jonathan Dortheimer, Stephen Yang, Qian Yang, Aaron Sprecher
  • Venue Buildings
2022 Publication

Poster: CHATBOTS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS - Automating Design Conversation in Urban Design Projects

Jonathan Dortheimer, Nikolas Martelaro, Gerhard Schubert, Aaron Sprecher
  • Venue Tenth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition - Bringing artificial intelligence, cognitive science, neuroscience and computational theories to design research
2022 Publication

Toward a Generative Pipeline for an AR Tour of Contested Heritage Sites

Eytan Mann, Jonathan Dortheimer, Aaron Sprecher
  • Venue IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR)
2022 Publication

Of Stones and Words - Computational Framework for Multifaceted Historical Narration of Wadi Salib

Eytan Mann, Jonathan Dortheimer, Alona Nitzan-Shiftan, Aaron Sprecher
  • Venue Human-Centric - Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, CAADRIA 2023 Conference
2020 Publication

A Novel Crowdsourcing-based Approach for Collaborative Architectural Design

Jonathan Dortheimer, Eran Neuman, Tova Milo
  • Venue Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference